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by Ameer Khusrau

ameer khusrau ka hindavi kalam

Ma Nuskha-e-Barlin Zakhira-e-Sprenger

by Ameer Khusrau

Author : Ameer Khusrau

Editor : Gopi Chand Narang

Publisher : Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore

Year of Publication : 2008

Language : Urdu

Categories : Research & Criticism, Poetry, Sufism / Mystic

Sub Categories : Poetry, Keh mukarni

Pages : 221

ISBN No./ISSN NO : 969-35-2166-8

Contributor : Gopi Chand Narang

ameer khusrau ka hindavi kalam

About The Book

امیر خسرو کی ہندی شاعری کو کئی معنی کر فارسی پر فوقیت حاصل ہے، اردو ہندی، ہندوستانی یا کھڑ بولی کی پہلی واضح شکل امیر خسرو کی ہندی شاعری میں ہی نظر آتی ہے۔ ان کے ہندی کلام کے بارے میں کہا جاتا ہے کہ ہندی کا کلام اتنا ہی ہے جتنا فارسی کا کلام ہے اور فارسی کا کلام ایک تحقیق کے مطابق تین لاکھ ابیات پرمشتمل ہے گویا کہ تین لاکھ کے قریب ان کے ہندی کے ابیات بھی ہیں، امیر خسرونے ہندی اور ایرانی موسیقی کی ازسرنوتدوین کی اور اسے اپنی اختراعات اور ایجادات سے مالا مال کیا۔ زیر نظر کتاب میں گوپی چند نارنگ نے نسخہ برلن کے حصول کے بعد جو حقائق پیش کیے، اس سے خسرو کے ہندوی کلام کا دائرہ وسیع ہوا ہے، محمود شیرانی کو امید ہی نہیں تھی کہ خسرو کاہندوی سرمایہ کبھی ہاتھ بھی آسکتا ہے ، تاہم گوپی چندنا رنگ نے اشپرنگر کے نشان زد نسخہ برلن سے حاصل کرکے شائع کردیا ہے ۔ یہ وہ نسخہ ہے جس کے متعلق شمس اللہ قادری نے اشپرنگر کے حوالہ سے اپنی کتاب ’’اردوئے قدیم ‘‘میں لکھاتھا اور اس نسخہ کو اشپرنگر اپنے 1856میں اپنے وطن جرمنی لے گیے تھے، یہی وہ نسخہ ہے ، جو گوپی چند نارنگ کو1982میں سفر یورپ کے دوران برلن میں ہاتھ لگا۔ گوپی چند نارنگ نے نسخہ برلن کے حصول کے بعد جو حقائق پیش کیے ، اس سے خسرو کے ہندوی کلام کا دائرہ وسیع ہوا ہے ۔ بعید نہیں کہ مرورِزمانہ کی گردشوں سے دائرہ خسرو اور بھی وسیع ہو۔

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About The Author

Abul Hasan Yaminuddin, better known as Amir Khusrau (1252-1325) after being decorated with the title of Emir by one of his patrons, had the unique distinction of being a soldier, courtier, sufi, poet, litterateur, and music maestro. Although the details of his life and works remain uncertain to a considerable extent, we have much that help us construct his figure in various avatars that he richly represented. It has been generally agreed upon that after suffering the onslaughts of Chengez Khan, his father, a Turk chieftain, migrated to India during the reign of Shamsuddin Altamsh who gave him a high position in his army. Khusrau was born in Patiali in Etah district of Uttar Pradesh where his father had settled. While he was still eight years old, his father was killed in an army action after which his mother brought him to Delhi to live with his maternal grandfather who also passed away when he was only twenty years old. An extremely intelligent and resourceful person who honed many skills of poetry and courtly manners, he did not find it difficult to seek his source of sustenance when he was left on his own to do so. Khusrau had a unique distinction of serving with many princes, chiefs, and emperors like Malik Alauddin Kashlu Khan alias Malik Chhajju, Bughra Khan, Khan Mohammad, Sardar Hatim Khan, Kaikobad, Jalaluddin Firoze Khilji, Alauddin Khilji, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Gheyasuddin Tughlaq and Mohammad Tughlaq. Even while he held high positions in several courts, he remained a devoted disciple of Hazrat Nizamuddin from whom he sought his spiritual strength, and at whose feet he lies buried.   

Khusrau was a very prolific author and poet of rare distinction. He is widely respected as a Persian, Hindavi, and Rekhta poet who evolved a unique diction and an inimitable language, beyond the apbhransha, for his literary expression.  He assigned a new role to human speech which is evident from the astounding variety of nearly a hundred works he produced in poetry and prose that broadly include several divans, mathnawis, treatises, and other compositions. Even though the number of his works cannot be ascertained for sure, nor can the authenticity of works ascribed to him be determined with any confidence, he remains an iconic poet on account of the works available from different sources. Moving beyond literature, Khusrau also made his contribution to music. He created ragas, developed khayal, tarana, qaul, and qawwali, as also invented tabla and sitar, the two instruments that clearly distinguish and characterise Indian music from others. Khusrau is extremely remarkable for defining the various forms and genres of literature and arts as the domains where the sublime and the plebeian could meet together and complement each other. He wrote on a variety of subjects that include patriotism, liberalism, integration, folk life, and the catholic values of living that emerge with a fine blending of social norms and cultural practices, as well as dialects and dictions. 

 


 

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