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Author : Shaukat Sabzwari

V4EBook_EditionNumber : 002

Publisher : Maktaba-e-Usloob, Karachi

Origin : Karachi, Pakistan

Year of Publication : 1987

Language : Urdu

Categories : Prosody

Pages : 103

Contributor : Rekhta

urdu qawaid

About The Book

اُردو برصغیر کی زبانِ رابطۂ عامہ ہے۔ اس کا اُبھار 11 ویں صدی عیسوی کے لگ بھگ شروع ہو چکا تھا۔ اُردو، ہند- یورپی لسانی خاندان کے ہند- ایرانی شاخ کی ایک ہند- آریائی زبان ہے. اِس کا اِرتقاء جنوبی ایشیاء میں سلطنتِ دہلی کے عہد میں ہوا اور مغلیہ سلطنت کے دوران فارسی، عربی اور ترکی کے اثر سے اس کی ترقّی ہوئی۔ اُردو (بولنے والوں کی تعداد کے لحاظ سے) دُنیا کی تمام زبانوں میں بیسویں نمبر پر ہے. یہ پاکستان کی قومی زبان جبکہ بھارت کی 23 سرکاری زبانوں میں سے ایک ہے. اُردو کا بعض اوقات ہندی کے ساتھ موازنہ کیا جاتا ہے. اُردو اور ہندی میں بُنیادی فرق یہ ہے کہ اُردو نستعلیق رسم الخط میں لکھی جاتی ہے اور عربی و فارسی الفاظ استعمال کرتی ہے. جبکہ ہندی دیوناگری رسم الخط میں لکھی جاتی ہے اور سنسکرت الفاظ زیادہ استعمال کرتی ہے. کچھ ماہرینِ لسانیات اُردو اور ہندی کو ایک ہی زبان کی دو معیاری صورتیں گردانتے ہیں. تاہم، دوسرے اِن کو معاش اللسانی تفرّقات کی بنیاد پر الگ سمجھتے ہیں۔ بلکہ حقیقت یہ ہے کہ ہندی، اُردو سے نکلی۔ ہر زبان کے لئے کچھ اصول اور قوانین ہوتے ہیں، جن سے اس زبان کو صحیح طور سے سیکھا اور استعمال کیا جا سکتا ہے۔ زبان کی درستی اور اس کی خوبصورتی کو برقرار رکھنے کے لئے ان قوانین پر عمل درآمد کرنا ضروری ہوتا ہے۔ اردو زبان کے بھی کچھ اصول ہیں، جنہیں قواعد یا گرامر کہا جاتا ہے۔ ان کے جاننے سے اردو زبان کو ٹھیک طریقے سے بولا اور سمجھا جا سکتا ہے۔ زیر تبصرہ کتاب"اردو قواعد"محترم ڈاکٹر شوکت سبز واری صاحب کی تصنیف ہے، جس میں انہوں نے اردو زبان کے قواعد اور انشاء پردازی کے اصول بیان فرمائے ہیں۔

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About The Author

Shaukat Sabzwari's real name was Shaukat Ali, he was born to Syed Asad Ali who had eight children. Shaukat was the youngest. His predecessors came to India from Mashhad during the Mughal period and settled in Mirzapur, a place in Bulandshahr district. According to Malik Ram, Shaukat was born in 1905 or 1906.

Shaukat was not educated properly at the beginning. When he was only eight years old, his elder brother died. Now, at that age, he turned to reading the Qur'an and also became interested in reading Urdu. Initially, he wanted someone to teach him the Quran and teach him Urdu. He started learning from a teacher. Thus, he completed the Qur'an and imbibed a bit of Urdu as well. Maulvi Sahib of a mosque sent him to Madrasa Imdadul Uloom, Meerut at the request of his father. There were many respected teachers who Shaukat took full advantage of. Maulana Akhtar Shah polished his taste in Persian and Arabic. In 1927, Shaukat took to learning English. However, his father was against English education. He still continued and earned a certification. He passed the examinations from Inter to MA in private. His subject in MA was Persian. He also did his MA in Arabic from Calcutta University. He also got a certificate of law. After that he did an MA (Urdu) from Agra University. He first worked in the Persian department of Islamia Intercollege Bareilly and then was appointed for the second year as well. After intercollegiate, he joined the Persian department of Meerut College.

His first article was "Falsafa-e-Kalam-e-Ghalib" which was published in 1946. fter the partition of India, he moved to Dhaka at the behest of Andalib Shadani and became the head of the Urdu department at the university there. From here he also took a degree in Urdu linguistics. 
Shaukat Sabzwari first took to writing fiction. His first novel was published in "Adabi Dunya". Then he started writing in "Nigar" and "Maarif". But so far, his book Falsafa-e-Kalam-e-Ghalib was not yet published. After his publication in 1946, his fame began to spread and his attachment, passion and keen interest in linguistics came to the fore when "Urdu Zaban Ka Irtiqa" was published. The book was published in 1956 in Dhaka. As such, it is a doctoral dissertation, but the way in which linguistic discussions have emerged is extremely important. For his remarkable work in the field of linguistics, he was conferred the “Daudab Inam”. He also later published a collection of essays in “Ghalib: Fikr-o-Fann’”. And continued to contribute to Urdu literature and language till March 19, 1973, when he passed away in Karachi. He was laid to rest at the Altaf Nagar Cemetery.

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