شیکسپئر کے مشہور ڈراموں میں سے ایک ڈرامہ’’ کنگ لیئر ‘‘ہے ۔ اس میں ایک بادشاہ اوراس کی تین بیٹیوں کی کہانی ہے ۔ جس میں بادشاہ کی شرط ہوتی ہے کہ جو بیٹی زیادہ محبت کر تی ہے اسی کوسلطنت دی جائے گی ۔ بادشاہ کی دوبڑی بیٹیاں شادی شدہ ہوتی ہیں تو وہ دونوں زبانی تعریف سے باپ کو خوش کر دیتی ہیں جبکہ حقیقی محبت کرنے والی چھوٹی بیٹی کہتی ہے کہ ہم بس آپ سے اتنی ہی محبت کر تے ہیں جتنی کر نی چاہیے ۔ الغرض بادشاہ دونوں بیٹیوں کے رحم و کر م پر رہتا ہے جس میں ان کو دھوکہ ملتا ہے اور چھوٹی بیٹی ہی بعد میں بادشاہ کو سنبھالتی ہے لیکن اس کی موت کے بعد بادشاہ کی حالت پھر خراب ہوجاتی ہے ۔اس کتاب کے مقدمہ میں لکھا گیا ہے کہ ’’ لیئر کے کردار میں ایک نہایت طاقتور روح ایک کمزور عقل کے ساتھ وابستہ ہے ۔ ذہنی طور پر بچہ ہے لیکن اپنے جذبات کی شوریدگی میں شیکسپیئر کے کسی اور کردار سے کم نہیں ہے ۔اس کی شخصیت کے مختلف پہلو آب و توانائی میں ہم آہنگ نہیں ہیں اس لیے اس میں وحشت جنم لیتی ہے جو اس کی دیوانگی کاسبب ہے ۔‘‘ الغرض اعلیٰ ادبی ذوق رکھنے والو ں کے لیے یہ ڈرامہ سوہان ِ روح ہے ۔

Identity: The great English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the world's pre-eminent writer and often called the "Bard of Avon."

William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in the historic town of Stratford-upon-Avon, England. His father, John Shakespeare, was a respected citizen and a skilled glover, while his mother, Mary Arden, belonged to an affluent family. He likely received his early education at the local grammar school, where he developed a passion for Latin and classical literature.

At the young age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children. After his early adult years, he moved to London, where his life took a significant turn. He worked in the world of theatre as an actor, writer, and part-owner, quickly rising to prominence. He was associated with the famous theatre company 'Lord Chamberlain's Men,' which later became known as the 'King's Men.' Under this company, his plays were performed at London's renowned Globe Theatre.

Shakespeare’s literary contributions are vast and comprehensive. He authored approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, and several poems. His plays have been translated into almost every living language and continue to be the most performed works in theatres worldwide. His repertoire includes tragedies, comedies, histories, and romances. Notable works include Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, and The Tempest.

Shakespeare’s style is unique due to its depth, psychological insight, and linguistic innovation. He portrayed human emotions, power, love, jealousy, and moral conflict with such mastery that his characters still feel alive today. His writings not only gave a new dimension to the English language but also profoundly influenced world literature.

In his later years, he returned to his hometown of Stratford and lived in relative retirement. William Shakespeare's personality and art received extraordinary global acclaim. As the famous contemporary Ben Jonson aptly said, he was "not of an age, but for all time."

Death: He passed away on April 23, 1616, in his hometown of Stratford and was laid to rest at Holy Trinity Church.

Note: The exact birth date of William Shakespeare is not known with certainty. Historical records only document his baptism on April 26, 1564. Since it was customary at the time to perform baptism a few days after birth, researchers estimate that he was born around April 23, 1564. Therefore, April 23 is traditionally observed as his birthday—coincidentally, the same date on which he passed away.