’’جولیس سیزر‘‘ ڈرامے کے متعلق کہا جاتا ہے کہ یہ شیکسپیر کے پیچیدہ ترین ڈراموں سے ایک ہے کیونکہ اس کو ایک سوالیہ ڈرامہ بتایا گیا ہے ۔ جس میں صور تحال کے مختلف پہلوؤں کی چھان بین تو ضرور ہے لیکن کسی خاص نظریے کی تائید نہیں ملتی بلکہ اس کا فیصلہ قاری پر چھوڑ دیا گیا ہے ۔اس ڈرامہ میں چار خصوصی کردار ہیں۔ سیزر ، بروٹس، کیسیس اور انٹنی ۔ ان میں سے سیزر اور بروٹس کو مرکزیت حاصل ہے ۔ ناقدین و قارئین دونوں کو اپنے اپنے اعتبا ر سے ڈرا مہ کا ہیرو مانتے ہیں ۔ جو لوگ سیزر کو اولیت کا درجہ دیتے ہیں ان کے نزدیک ڈرامہ میں ایک عظیم شخص کا حال بیان کیا گیا ہے جو اپنے غرور و تکبر کی وجہ سے نہ صرف اپنے لیے بلکہ تمام روم کے لیے بربادی کا سبب بنتا ہے اور جولوگ بروٹس کو اولیت کا درجہ دیتے ہیں وہ لوگ ڈرامے میں ایک ایسے نیک آدمی کی روداد سمجھتے ہیں جس کی ٹر یجڈی کا محرک اس کا احمق پن اور اس کی سادہ لوحی ہے ۔ یعنی شیکسپیر نے کرداروں کی تصویر کشی میں بہت ہی زیادہ غیر جانب داری سے کام لیا ہے ۔ ڈرامہ کو دلچسپی کے نقطہ نظر دو حصوں میں تقسیم کیا جاتا ہے ۔ پہلے حصے میں سیزر کے قتل کو اور دوسرے حصہ میں سازش کرنے والوں کے انجام کو موضوع بنایا گیا ہے۔ پھر بھی دونوں میں مکمل وحدت پائی جاتی ہے اس اعتبار سے یہ ڈرامہ شیکسپیر کی فنی مہارت اور چابک دستی کا اعلیٰ نمونہ ہے۔

Identity: The great English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the world's pre-eminent writer and often called the "Bard of Avon."

William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564, in the historic town of Stratford-upon-Avon, England. His father, John Shakespeare, was a respected citizen and a skilled glover, while his mother, Mary Arden, belonged to an affluent family. He likely received his early education at the local grammar school, where he developed a passion for Latin and classical literature.

At the young age of eighteen, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children. After his early adult years, he moved to London, where his life took a significant turn. He worked in the world of theatre as an actor, writer, and part-owner, quickly rising to prominence. He was associated with the famous theatre company 'Lord Chamberlain's Men,' which later became known as the 'King's Men.' Under this company, his plays were performed at London's renowned Globe Theatre.

Shakespeare’s literary contributions are vast and comprehensive. He authored approximately 39 plays, 154 sonnets, and several poems. His plays have been translated into almost every living language and continue to be the most performed works in theatres worldwide. His repertoire includes tragedies, comedies, histories, and romances. Notable works include Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello, King Lear, and The Tempest.

Shakespeare’s style is unique due to its depth, psychological insight, and linguistic innovation. He portrayed human emotions, power, love, jealousy, and moral conflict with such mastery that his characters still feel alive today. His writings not only gave a new dimension to the English language but also profoundly influenced world literature.

In his later years, he returned to his hometown of Stratford and lived in relative retirement. William Shakespeare's personality and art received extraordinary global acclaim. As the famous contemporary Ben Jonson aptly said, he was "not of an age, but for all time."

Death: He passed away on April 23, 1616, in his hometown of Stratford and was laid to rest at Holy Trinity Church.

Note: The exact birth date of William Shakespeare is not known with certainty. Historical records only document his baptism on April 26, 1564. Since it was customary at the time to perform baptism a few days after birth, researchers estimate that he was born around April 23, 1564. Therefore, April 23 is traditionally observed as his birthday—coincidentally, the same date on which he passed away.